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		<title>CIVILISATION IRANIENNE : L’AUTRE VISAGE D’UN PAYS TROP SOUVENT MÉJUGÉ</title>
		<link>https://shoelifer.com/culture/actus/civilisation-iranienne-lautre-visage-dun-pays-trop-souvent-mejuge/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=civilisation-iranienne-lautre-visage-dun-pays-trop-souvent-mejuge</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nina Kozlowski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 18:43:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Actus culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civilisation iranienne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iran]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shoelifer.com/?p=67378</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[La civilisation iranienne est l’une des plus anciennes et raffinées du monde. CÉclairage sur ce patrimoine que la guerre menace.
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>La guerre et la géopolitique occupent l’actualité, mais elles ne racontent qu’une petite partie de l’Histoire. Derrière les tensions du moment, se déploie la civilisation iranienne, l’une des plus anciennes et raffinées du monde. </b><b><i>Shoelifer</i></b><b> vous propose de changer de regard et d’en apprendre davantage sur un pays souvent mal compris.</b></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Au moment où l’actualité ramène l’Iran à la guerre, il est facile d’oublier qu’il s’agit aussi d’une des plus anciennes civilisations du monde. Vieille de plus de quatre millénaires, la civilisation iranienne a façonné des empires, nourri les sciences, inspiré l’architecture et produit une culture d’un raffinement rare. Un héritage complexe, parfois contradictoire, qui continue d’influencer le monde bien au-delà de la politique.</span></p>
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<p>Lire aussi : <strong><a title="MUSÉES AU MAROC : TOUR D’HORIZON DES NOUVEAUX LIEUX À VISITER" href="https://shoelifer.com/culture/expositions/musees-au-maroc-tour-dhorizon-des-nouveaux-lieux-a-visiter/">MUSÉES AU MAROC : TOUR D’HORIZON DES NOUVEAUX LIEUX À VISITER</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Aux racines d’une civilisation ancienne et influente</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne fait partie de ces très rares cultures qui traversent l’histoire presque sans interruption depuis plus de quatre mille ans. Des royaumes comme </span><strong><a href="http://www.teheran.ir/spip.php?article274#gsc.tab=0">l’Elam</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> apparaissent dès le troisième millénaire avant J.-C., avant l’émergence de la Perse impériale. Vers -550, Cyrus le Grand fonde l’empire achéménide, qui devient rapidement l’une des premières puissances mondiales, s’étendant de la Méditerranée à l’Indus.</span></p>
<div style="width: 720px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-67378-1" width="720" height="1280" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://shoelifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/As-we-watch-centuries-of-history-vanish-before-our-eyes-remember-that-Iran-is-not-just-a-land.-.mp4?_=1" /></video></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cet empire ne brille pas seulement par sa taille. Il met en place une administration remarquablement efficace, développe un vaste réseau de routes impériales dont la célèbre route royale de Suse à Sardes. Il s’appuie sur un système de relais et de messagers qui passe pour l’un des ancêtres des grands services postaux étatiques. Il se distingue aussi par sa capacité à intégrer des peuples, des langues et des cultures très différents dans une même construction impériale.</span></p>
<div style="width: 720px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-67378-2" width="720" height="1280" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://shoelifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Persepolis-est-une-merveille-archeologique-offrant-un-apercu-captivant-de-la-splendeur-de-lanci.mp4?_=2" /></video></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La ville de Persépolis, capitale cérémonielle de cet empire, symbolise cette ambition politique et culturelle. Ses escaliers monumentaux et ses bas-reliefs racontent encore aujourd’hui l’histoire d’un empire où se croisaient délégations, marchandises et traditions venues de tout le monde connu. Cette ville antique a d’ailleurs inspiré l’un des récits contemporains les plus célèbres sur l’Iran. La bande dessinée puis le film d’animation </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Persépolis</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> de Marjane Satrapi sont devenus des œuvres incontournables pour comprendre l’histoire récente du pays.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La longue histoire iranienne est aussi celle d’un carrefour entre Orient et Occident, traversé par les routes commerciales et les influences culturelles. Et contrairement à beaucoup de pays de la région, l’Iran n’a jamais été colonisé au sens classique du terme, même s’il a subi pressions, occupations et rivalités impériales.</span></p>
<div class="flex-video widescreen youtube"><iframe title="PERSEPOLIS - Bande-annonce version remastérisée 4K - Marjane Satrapi" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mPEG7rYPhBg?feature=oembed&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;playsinline=1&#038;enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cette culture millénaire s’exprime aussi dans la gastronomie, souvent considérée comme l’une des plus raffinées du Moyen-Orient. Les plats jouent sur des équilibres subtils entre acidité, douceur et parfums. Riz au safran, grenades, herbes fraîches, pistaches, fruits secs ou eau de rose composent une cuisine délicate où les contrastes de saveurs sont essentiels. La gastronomie iranienne témoigne de ce goût ancien pour la sophistication et l’harmonie.</span></p>
<div style="width: 720px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-67378-3" width="720" height="1280" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://shoelifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Cest-parti-pour-le-premier-episode-consacre-aux-plats-iraniens-les-plus-emblematiques.-Cette-se.mp4?_=3" /></video></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La modernité iranienne a également produit des réalisations spectaculaires. Le chemin de fer transiranien, construit entre 1927 et 1938, relie la mer Caspienne au golfe Persique sur près de 1 394 kilomètres. Traversant montagnes, déserts et vallées grâce à des centaines de ponts et de tunnels, cette ligne constitue l’un des projets d’ingénierie les plus impressionnants du XX</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">e</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> siècle dans la région. Aujourd’hui inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, il symbolise l’ambition d’un pays cherchant à relier ses territoires et à s’inscrire dans la modernité.</span></p>
<div style="width: 720px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-67378-4" width="720" height="1280" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://shoelifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/The-Trans-Iranian-Railway-stands-as-one-of-the-most-ambitious-and-symbolic-feats-of-infrastructu.mp4?_=4" /></video></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne a longtemps cultivé un idéal d’élégance et de raffinement. Cet art de vivre se lit dans les jardins, dans la poésie, dans la calligraphie et jusque dans la gastronomie. Il traverse les siècles et constitue l’un des fils rouges de l’identité culturelle iranienne.</span></p>
<p>Lire aussi : <strong><a title="VOYAGER AU PRINTEMPS : QUATRE DESTINATIONS POUR ENTRER DANS LA SAISON EN DOUCEUR" href="https://shoelifer.com/voyages/les-coups-de-%f0%9f%a4%8d-de-fatym/voyager-au-printemps-quatre-destinations-pour-entrer-dans-la-saison-en-douceur/">VOYAGER AU PRINTEMPS : QUATRE DESTINATIONS POUR ENTRER DANS LA SAISON EN DOUCEUR</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Une civilisation qui a façonné les sciences</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne a également contribué de manière décisive à l’histoire des sciences et du savoir. L’un des exemples les plus frappants est celui du mathématicien Al Khwarizmi, dont le nom a donné le mot algorithme. À l’heure où le monde fonctionne largement grâce aux algorithmes, des réseaux sociaux à l’intelligence artificielle, il est frappant de se rappeler que ce terme provient du nom d’un savant persan du IX</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">e</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> siècle.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le philosophe et médecin Avicenne rédige au XI</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">e </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">siècle le </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Canon de la médecine</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> qui restera une référence dans les universités européennes pendant plusieurs siècles. L’astronome et mathématicien </span><strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuE8c7EZOGs">Omar Khayyâm</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, connu aussi pour ses poèmes, améliore le calendrier persan et développe des travaux majeurs sur les équations cubiques. Ces figures illustrent une tradition intellectuelle qui a fait de la civilisation iranienne un centre majeur de circulation des connaissances entre Orient et Occident.</span></p>
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<section> <a target="_blank" title="@franceculture" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@franceculture?refer=embed">@franceculture</a> </p>
<p>Le prince des savants. <a title="tiktokacademie" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/tiktokacademie?refer=embed">#tiktokacademie</a> <a title="medecine" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/medecine?refer=embed">#medecine</a> <a title="avicenne" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/avicenne?refer=embed">#avicenne</a> <a title="perse" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/perse?refer=embed">#perse</a> <a title="iran" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/iran?refer=embed">#iran</a> <a title="histoire" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/histoire?refer=embed">#histoire</a> <a title="science" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/science?refer=embed">#science</a> <a title="histoirevraie" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/histoirevraie?refer=embed">#histoirevraie</a> <a title="sante" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sante?refer=embed">#sante</a> <a title="santé" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sant%C3%A9?refer=embed">#santé</a> <a title="savants" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/savants?refer=embed">#savants</a> <a title="savant" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/savant?refer=embed">#savant</a> <a title="therapie" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/therapie?refer=embed">#therapie</a></p>
<p> <a target="_blank" title="♬ son original - France Culture" href="https://www.tiktok.com/music/son-original-7156261621206207237?refer=embed">♬ son original &#8211; France Culture</a> </section>
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<p>Lire aussi : <strong><a title="DESIGN INTÉRIEUR AU MAROC : 6 PROFILS INSPIRANTS" href="https://shoelifer.com/lifestyle/deco/design-interieur-au-maroc-6-profils-inspirants/">DESIGN INTÉRIEUR AU MAROC : 6 PROFILS INSPIRANTS</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Jardins persans architecture et esthétique du détail</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne se distingue aussi par un rapport très particulier à la beauté et à l’architecture. Dans un territoire souvent aride, les Perses ont développé très tôt des systèmes ingénieux pour maîtriser l’eau, notamment les </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">qanats</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, galeries souterraines capables de l’acheminer sur de longues distances. Cette maîtrise de l’eau se retrouve dans les jardins persans conçus comme une représentation terrestre du paradis. Organisés autour de l’eau, de l’ombre et de la symétrie, ils incarnent une vision du monde où l’harmonie entre nature et architecture devient une expérience presque spirituelle.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Plusieurs de ces jardins sont aujourd’hui inscrits au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, notamment le jardin d’Eram à Shiraz célèbre pour ses cyprès majestueux et ses pavillons élégants. Les jardins de Pasargades ou de Fin à Kashan témoignent eux aussi de cette esthétique où l’eau, la géométrie et la végétation créent un espace de contemplation.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Au-delà des jardins, l’architecture iranienne se distingue par son sens du détail. Coupoles turquoise d’Ispahan, mosquées aux mosaïques complexes, miniatures persanes d’une finesse extrême et calligraphies sophistiquées composent un univers esthétique unique. La calligraphie persane, notamment le style </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">nastaliq</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, est souvent considérée comme l’une des plus élégantes traditions calligraphiques du monde islamique.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Poésie littérature et imaginaire perse</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne ne se comprend pas non plus sans sa littérature. Au X</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">e</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> siècle, le poète Ferdowsi consacre environ trente cinq ans à écrire le </span><strong><a href="https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/une-histoire-truculente/ecouter-la-voix-du-shahnameh-echo-de-l-ame-iranienne-4156943">Shâhnâmeh</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, une épopée monumentale de près de soixante mille distiques retraçant l’histoire mythologique et héroïque de la Perse. Cette œuvre est souvent comparée aux grandes fresques littéraires de l’humanité comme l’Iliade d’Homère ou la Divine Comédie de Dante.</span></p>
<div style="width: 720px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-67378-5" width="720" height="1280" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://shoelifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Ferdowsi-Square-in…-Romepersia-persian-ferdowsi-iran-iranian-poet-poetry-italy-rome-fa.mp4?_=5" /></video></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Il ne s’agit pas seulement d’un classique national mais d’un véritable texte fondateur de l’histoire culturelle mondiale. La poésie continue d’occuper une place centrale dans la culture iranienne. Elle structure l’imaginaire collectif, irrigue la langue et accompagne encore la vie quotidienne.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Arts modernes musique et cinéma</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cette tradition artistique se poursuit à l’époque moderne. Dans les années 1960 et 1970, l’Iran connaît une période d’effervescence culturelle avec les biennales de Téhéran et le Festival des arts de Shiraz Persépolis qui attire des artistes du monde entier, sous l’impulsion de l’impératrice Farah Diba. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Des figures comme Bahman Mohassess, peintre et sculpteur aux œuvres puissantes et souvent provocatrices, ou Ardeshir Mohassess, dessinateur satirique connu pour ses critiques du pouvoir, participent à l’émergence d’un art contemporain iranien audacieux. Mais c’est une femme, </span><a href="https://numero.com/art/art-art/behjat-sadr-la-femme-qui-a-revolutionne-lart-moderne-en-iran/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Behjat Sadr</strong></span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, qui s’illustre comme l’une des artistes les plus avant-gardites du pays. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La musique populaire connaît également un âge d’or. À Téhéran, la scène pop et rock se développe dans les clubs et les radios avec des artistes comme Googoosh ou Kourosh Yaghmaei qui mêlent influences occidentales et tradition persane.</span></p>
<div class="flex-video widescreen youtube"><iframe title="The Persians - Pashiman (60s Iranian Jazz-Rock) گروه پرشنز - پشیمان" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uYPaViXrswg?feature=oembed&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;playsinline=1&#038;enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le cinéma iranien marque régulièrement la scène internationale depuis les années 1990. En 1997 Abbas Kiarostami remporte la Palme d’or à Cannes pour </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le Goût de la cerise</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Le film suit un homme qui parcourt les collines autour de Téhéran à la recherche de quelqu’un prêt à l’enterrer après son suicide. Derrière cette intrigue minimaliste se cache une réflexion profonde sur la solitude, la dignité et les contradictions de la société iranienne. Ce cinéma sensible et humaniste a ouvert la voie à des réalisateurs comme Asghar Farhadi, Jafar Panahi ou Mohammad Rasoulof.</span></p>
<div class="flex-video widescreen youtube"><iframe title="Le goût de la cerise (1997) bande annonce" width="500" height="375" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mIsQkI-ZMw8?feature=oembed&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;playsinline=1&#038;enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<p>Lire aussi : <strong><a title="DROITS DES FEMMES AU MAROC : CES AVANCÉES DISCRÈTES QUI CHANGENT DÉJÀ LA VIE" href="https://shoelifer.com/culture/actus/droits-des-femmes-au-maroc-ces-avancees-discretes-qui-changent-deja-la-vie/">DROITS DES FEMMES AU MAROC : CES AVANCÉES DISCRÈTES QUI CHANGENT DÉJÀ LA VIE</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Une société pleine de paradoxes</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La civilisation iranienne est également marquée par une grande diversité culturelle. Le pays rassemble Persans, Azéris, Kurdes, Baloutches ou Arabes ainsi que des minorités religieuses anciennes comme les Arméniens, les Juifs, les Zoroastriens ou les Baha&rsquo;is qui reconnaissent tous les prophètes ainsi que le Buddha. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La vie quotidienne révèle aussi des paradoxes frappants. Malgré un régime ultra-conservateur, les femmes iraniennes comptent parmi les plus éduquées de la région et sont aujourd’hui plus nombreuses que les hommes dans les universités. Elles sont aussi parmi les plus nombreuses au monde à faire de la chirurgie esthétique, notamment celle du nez. L’alcool est officiellement interdit mais il circule dans de nombreux cercles privés au point que l’alcoolisme est devenu un véritable problème de </span><a href="https://orientxxi.info/en-iran-le-malaise-silencieux-de-l-alcoolisme,7432"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>santé publique</strong>.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p>
<div class="flex-video widescreen youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Iran: Le boom de la chirurgie esthétique chez des femmes" width="422" height="750" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H08jbkb8UU4?feature=oembed&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;playsinline=1&#038;enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autre paradoxe. En 1989, l’ayatollah Khomeini autorise juridiquement les opérations de changement de sexe, une décision inattendue dans un système par ailleurs extrêmement répressif sur d’autres questions sociales. D’ailleurs, la rédac’ avait déjà fait un </span><strong><a href="https://shoelifer.com/culture/manifestations-iran-cliches-realites/">article</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> sur les clichés versus la réalité en Iran. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La société iranienne reste aussi profondément dynamique et contestataire. Depuis 2022, le mouvement Femme Vie Liberté a exprimé une contestation massive du pouvoir après la mort de Mahsa Amini et révélé à quel point la société iranienne demeure bouillonnante, créative et traversée de forces de changement. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Derrière les tensions politiques et les crises géopolitiques, l’Iran reste avant tout une civilisation ancienne, foisonnante et profondément vivante. Une société qui n’a jamais cessé de produire du savoir, de l’art et de la beauté malgré les périodes les plus troublées. Espérons que sa richesse sera épargnée par la guerre actuelle, dont l’issue est encore pour l’heure très incertaine. </span></p>
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