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	<title>Tous les articles :fake news | Shoelifer.com</title>
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		<title>FAKE NEWS : QUAND LES RÉSEAUX SOCIAUX MANIPULENT NOTRE CERVEAU</title>
		<link>https://shoelifer.com/lifestyle/actus-lifestyle/fake-news-reseaux-sociaux-manipulent-cerveau/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fake-news-reseaux-sociaux-manipulent-cerveau</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nina Kozlowski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Oct 2023 18:33:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Actus lifestyle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[réseaux sociaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[impact réseaux sociaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fake news]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shoelifer.com/?p=57987</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Les réseaux sociaux sont l’eldorado des fake news, et ce n’est pas par hasard, bien au contraire. Shoelifer vous explique tout.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>Si l’on a de plus en plus tendance à s’informer sur les réseaux sociaux, ces derniers sont aussi l’eldorado des fake news. Une désinformation qui ne doit rien au hasard, bien au contraire. </b><b><i>Shoelifer </i></b><b>vous explique tout.</b></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Depuis le début de la guerre entre Israël et le Hamas, jamais autant de fake news n’avaient circulé sur les réseaux sociaux. Ce n’est pas </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Shoelifer </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">qui le dit, mais </span><strong><a href="https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/international/guerre-hamas-israel-sur-les-reseaux-sociaux-on-na-jamais-vu-autant-de-fausses-infos-circuler-de-maniere-aussi-intense">Thomas Huchon</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, journaliste d’investigation et spécialiste des réseaux sociaux. Dans le viseur de cet expert 2.0, le réseau social X (anciennement Twitter), dont les ajustements décidés par son propriétaire, Elon Musk, ont contribué au déferlement de fake news. Parmi celles-ci : un prétendu bombardement sur une église de Gaza. Ou encore la vidéo d’un supposé enfant israélien retenu dans une cage par le Hamas (faux et re-faux). La rédac’ n’est pas en capacité d’établir une liste exhaustive tant le phénomène de </span><strong><a href="https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/reseaux-sociaux-les-rouages-de-la-manipulation-de-lopinion">désinformation est immense</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Mais elle vous invite chère lectrices et lecteurs à prendre du recul, quelles que soient vos sensibilités.</span></p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="500" data-dnt="true">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Wake up and choose violins 🎻🎻</p>
<p>&mdash; Elon Musk (@elonmusk) <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1716116870112203113?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 22, 2023</a></p></blockquote>
<p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p>
<hr />
<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>L’astroturfing </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pourquoi ? D’abord parce que le flux incessant d’informations et de fake news sur les réseaux sociaux génère un chaos informationnel et émotionnel. Pensez donc à préserver votre intellect et votre </span><strong><a href="https://www.minds-ge.ch/ressources/reseaux-sociaux-comment-tisser-sa-toile-et-preserver-sa-sante-mentale">santé mentale</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>.</strong> Et surtout, évitez d’être manipulé. Car les réseaux sociaux (et les GAFAM qui y sont liées) sont des as de la manipulation de masse. En réalité, les opérateurs créent des environnements toxiques et hostiles en intégrant l’intelligence artificielle (IA), pour maximiser le niveau d’engagement des internautes.</span></p>
<div class="flex-video widescreen youtube"><iframe title="Quand l&#039;IA se met au service des cybercriminels et des fake news - Le 5/5 - C à Vous - 22/03/2023" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yqKkRwqFHdA?feature=oembed&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;playsinline=1&#038;enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pour que cela fonctionne, il suffit de deux ingrédients. D’abord, exploiter le biais cognitif négatif de l’être humain. Nous avons tendance à privilégier l’information qui transmet un danger (instinct de survie oblige). Un exemple concret. Au moment de la découverte d’un vaccin, un titre annonce qu’il est efficace à 90%, mais qu’il peut rendre stérile. À coup sûr, vous retiendrez la seconde partie du message. Vous serez même tentés d’en savoir plus (coucou les requêtes sur Google, etc.). </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">C’est à cet instant précis, que les réseaux sociaux déploient leurs algorithmes, leurs bots et leurs trolls pour vous inonder d’informations et de fake news à ce sujet. Et, </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">in fine</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, créer un phénomène de masse faussement spontané. Dans le jargon 2.0, cela s’appelle </span><strong><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroturfing">l’astroturfing</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. En gros, de la propagande à des fins publicitaires, économiques ou pire, politiques. Vous le savez sûrement déjà, la Russie est passée maître en la matière. Son objectif ? </span><strong><a href="https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/fake-news-russes-la-machine-a-destabiliser-letranger-20221210_2VSMWPOU3NARTJI5P4BVYSEZP4/">Déstabiliser le reste du monde</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, rien que ça. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">À l’inverse, les réseaux sociaux peuvent utiliser des algorithmes non pas pour limiter les fake news, le harcèlement, le manque de sincérité, mais pour invisibiliser certains utilisateurs. C’est notamment le cas avec Instagram (1 milliard d’utilisateurs) et son fameux “shadow ban”. Il touche extrêmement souvent les comptes féministes ou liés aux droits civiques des minorités, comme le démontre l’enquête de </span><strong><a href="https://www.numerique-investigation.org/feminismesurinstagram/2243/">Numérique Investigation</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Et même les </span><a href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/photographie/en-luttant-contre-les-fake-news-instagram-censure-t-il-des-memes-et-des-oeuvres-d-art_3788777.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>artistes</strong></span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p>
<p>À lire aussi : <strong><a title="8 RÈGLES (SIMPLES) POUR RÉUSSIR SA DÉTOX DIGITALE" href="https://shoelifer.com/lifestyle/8-regles-simples-pour-reussir-sa-detox-digitale/">8 RÈGLES (SIMPLES) POUR RÉUSSIR SA DÉTOX DIGITALE</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>La rumeur va plus vite </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selon une </span><strong><a href="https://integrityinstitute.org/blog/misinformation-amplification-tracking-dashboard">étude</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> réalisée il y a un an par l’Integrity Institute, un centre de recherche américain, X et TikTok sont les champions de la fake news. Plus 373 millions de personnes utilisent X au quotidien (chiffre avril 2023). Quant à la plateforme chinoise, elle comptera bientôt 2 milliards d’utilisateurs, majoritairement des jeunes 15-25 ans. Or une étude réalisée par la société </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">NewsGard </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">en 2022, démontre que </span><strong><a href="https://www.lepoint.fr/high-tech-internet/la-desinformation-sur-tiktok-atteint-des-niveaux-inquietants-15-09-2022-2490038_47.php">20% </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">des vidéos publiées sur TikTok contiennent des fake news. Or, une fake news est relayée </span><strong><a href="https://www.telerama.fr/medias/une-fake-news-se-repand-six-fois-plus-vite-quune-vraie-nouvelle,n5519714.php">six fois plus vite </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">qu’une vraie information en règle générale. Sur X, une fake news a </span><strong><a href="https://www.letemps.ch/sciences/twitter-mensonge-se-diffuse-plus-vite-plus-loin-verite">70% </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">de chances en plus d’être retweetée en cascade. Pourquoi ? Parce qu’une fake news fait réagir nos émotions au quart de tour, et impacte plus fortement nos followers. Tout cela est donc lié (aussi) à l’activation de notre </span><strong><a href="https://youmatter.world/fr/reseaux-sociaux-systeme-recompense-fake-news/">système de récompense</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p>
<p>À lire aussi : <strong><a title="COMMENT DEVENIR INFLUENCEUR SANS Y PERDRE LA SANTÉ (MENTALE) ?" href="https://shoelifer.com/lifestyle/reseaux/comment-devenir-influenceur-sante/">COMMENT DEVENIR INFLUENCEUR SANS Y PERDRE LA SANTÉ (MENTALE) ?</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Sensibilisation et volonté politique </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">En tant que consommateur quotidien des réseaux sociaux, il est donc primordial de prendre du recul. Et </span><strong><a href="https://pausetonecran.com/la-desinformation-comment-eviter-de-tomber-dans-le-piege/">d’utiliser son cerveau </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> pour ne pas être induit en erreur par une fake news. Il suffit juste d’analyser la légitimité de la </span><strong><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2022/12/20/comment-juger-de-la-fiabilite-d-un-site_5067739_4355771.htmlrticle/2022/12/20/comment-juger-de-la-fiabilite-d-un-site_5067739_4355771.html">source </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">et l&rsquo;authenticité d’une photo ou d’un contenu. Repérer les éventuelles incohérences. Se référer à des sources d’informations fiables / sérieuses, les multiplier et les confronter. Suivre des journalistes ou des ONG qui sont sur le terrain. Faire la distinction entre ce qui relève de l’affect, de l’émotion et la réalité des faits. Et parfois, tout simplement accepter “qu’on ne sait pas”. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mais pour qu’un vrai changement s’opère, encore faut-il une véritable volonté politique de la part des États et des GAFAM. Et très certainement de nouveaux algorithmes… </span></p>
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