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		<title>MOUDAWANA : LES DESSOUS D’UNE RÉFORME TRÈS ATTENDUE</title>
		<link>https://shoelifer.com/culture/actus/moudawana/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=moudawana</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nina Kozlowski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Jul 2023 14:49:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Actus culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moudawana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mouvements féministes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[réforme de la moudawana]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shoelifer.com/?p=56862</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[À quelques jours de la Fête du Trône, le roi Mohammed VI va t-il cette fois-ci annoncer le lancement concret de la réforme de la Moudawana et la mise en place de la commission censée s’en occuper ? ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>Vingt ans après la promulgation d’une nouvelle Moudawana, le roi Mohammed VI et l’État se préparent à écrire l’acte II de cette réforme. Un texte très attendu, et qui déchaîne les passions. Qu’est ce qui pourrait (vraiment) changer ? Eléments de réponse.</b></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le 30 juillet 2022, à l’occasion de la Fête du trône,  le roi Mohammed VI ouvrait la voie à une nouvelle réforme de la Moudawana. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">“</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">L’esprit de la réforme ne consiste pas à octroyer à la femme des privilèges gracieux mais, bien plus précisément, à lui assurer la pleine jouissance des droits légitimes que lui confère la loi. Dans le Maroc d’aujourd’hui, il n’est en effet plus possible qu’elle en soit privée</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”, a notamment souligné le souverain. Tout en précisant toutefois : </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">“</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Je ne peux autoriser ce que Dieu a prohibé, ni interdire ce que le Très-Haut a autorisé</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”.  </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ainsi, près de vingt ans après une première grande réforme de la Moudawana, le code de la famille devrait à nouveau être modifié. Avec pour objectif d’instaurer plus d’égalité entre hommes et femmes, sans enfreindre les textes coraniques formels. Autrement dit, trouver un juste équilibre entre nécessaire modernité et respect du cadre religieux, entre franges conservatrices et progressistes de la société. </span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>La Moudawana, otage des idéologies ? </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Car vingt ans plus tard, la Moudawana est toujours otage des idéologies, notamment les plus conservatrices. En février dernier, Abdelilah Benkirane, secrétaire général du PJD, menaçait déjà d’organiser des “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">grandes marches</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">” contre les réformes de la Moudawana et du Code pénal. Rappelez-vous, en 2000, à Casablanca, plus de 500 000 personnes avaient manifesté contre “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">le plan d’intégration de la femme</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”, concocté par le gouvernement Youssoufi. La manifestation des partisans de la réforme à Rabat n’avait quant à elle rassemblé que 20 000 personnes. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Voilà pourquoi à l’époque, le roi et Commandeur des croyants avait mobilisé de nombreux acteurs (oulémas, juristes, hommes politiques, intellectuels), avant de trancher en faveur d’une réforme progressiste. Parmi les acquis de cette </span><strong><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-les-cahiers-de-l-orient-2011-2-page-15.htm#:~:text=Les%20apports%20de%20ce%20nouveau,contr%C3%B4le%20judiciaire%20et%20ne%20d%C3%A9pend">réforme de la Moudawana</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> : fin de la tutelle matrimoniale, passage de l’âge du mariage de 15 à 18 ans, coresponsabilité des conjoints. Ou encore limite de la polygamie, et instauration d’une pension alimentaire en cas de divorce. </span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Les mouvements féministes au front </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mais aujourd’hui, une partie de la société civile estime que la version actuelle de la Moudawana est dépassée. En déphasage avec les évolutions socio-économiques du pays, les conventions internationales que le royaume a ratifiées et la Constitution de 2011. Un texte qui consacre l’égalité homme-femme à tous les niveaux. Tribunes, conférences, sit-ins, grèves… nombreux sont celles et ceux qui se mobilisent pour participer pleinement à une nouvelle réforme de la Moudawana. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">À l’instar des </span><strong><a href="https://www.letemps.ch/monde/afrique/au-maroc-les-feministes-se-battent-pour-franchir-une-nouvelle-etape">mouvements féministes</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, qui multiplient les </span><strong><a href="https://lematin.ma/express/2023/reforme-moudawana-sit-in-dimanche-25-juin-casablanca/391487.html">actions</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> et les </span><strong><a href="https://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/mohamed-said-saadi-refonte-globalela-moudawana">plaidoyers</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Après l’annonce de la réforme de la Moudawana, plusieurs associations féministes ont formé une coalition et fondé le mouvement </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hiya </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Elle) afin de faire porter leurs voix. Le 25 juin dernier, elles ont organisé un </span><strong><a href="https://lematin.ma/express/2023/reforme-moudawana-sit-in-dimanche-25-juin-casablanca/391487.html">sit-in </a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">à Casablanca. La fondatrice de ce mouvement, Ghizlane Mamouni, avocate et membre du collectif des </span><strong><a href="https://www.instagram.com/moroccan.outlaws.490/?hl=fr">Moroccan Outlaws</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, en parle très bien (cf. vidéo ci-dessous).</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Une double réforme</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aujourd’hui, quelles sont les revendications des franges en faveur d’une évolution ? D’abord, une réforme de la Moudawana ET du Code pénal (rédigé en 1963), deux textes étroitement liés. Et ça tombe bien, c’est exactement ce qui est prévu. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le ministère de la Justice, dirigé par Abdellatif Ouahbi (PAM), travaille sur une nouvelle version du Code pénal, qui devrait être plus libéral. Du moins, si l’on en croit le ministre qui multiplie les déclarations allant dans le sens </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">d’une abolition des articles les plus liberticides (ou a minima une réduction des peines). Parmi eux, l’article 490 criminalisant les relations sexuelles hors mariage et l’article 222 pénalisant le fait de dé-jeûner pendant le ramadan. Des déclarations qui </span><strong><a href="https://telquel.ma/2023/07/14/le-boualem-et-le-debat-sur-la-depenalisation-des-relations-sexuelles-hors-mariage_1821355">hérissent les poils du PJD</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> et des conservateurs. Ces derniers craignant la destruction de la “cellule familiale” et des valeurs islamiques. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">En 2022, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Abdellatif</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Ouahbi avait promis de finaliser le projet de réforme d’ici le 30 avril 2023. En vain. </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Shoelifer </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">a appris que ses équipes étaient en contact régulier avec les associations féministes, notamment les jeunes générations. En juin 2023, Abdellatif Ouahbi a également recruté Abdelwahab Rafiki, passé du salafisme à l’islam éclairé, au sein de son cabinet. Ce technicien du </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">fiqh</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, brillant théologien, en faveur de réformes libérales et proche des Moroccan Outlaws, a été embauché (entre autres) pour convaincre les interlocuteurs les plus conservateurs. Car c’est là tout le fond du problème : convaincre et éviter des tensions politiques et sociales. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Voilà pourquoi la réforme du Code pénal se fait attendre, tout comme celle de la Moudawana. Si la Justice aura son rôle à jouer dans cette réforme, c’est au roi Mohammed VI de créer une commission censée la chapeauter. Si dans les coulisses, les discussions ont déjà commencé, cette commission n’a pas encore été mise sur pied.</span></p>
<p>À lire aussi : <strong><a title="WE4SHE, L’ASSO DE FEMMES DIRIGEANTES QUI MILITE POUR L’EMPOWERMENT DES MAROCAINES." href="https://shoelifer.com/culture/we4she-femmes-dirigeantes-milite-lempowerment-marocaines/">WE4SHE, L’ASSO DE FEMMES DIRIGEANTES QUI MILITE POUR L’EMPOWERMENT DES MAROCAINES.</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Les changements attendus dans la Moudawana </b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Concrètement, qu’est ce qui pourrait changer dans la Moudawana nouvelle version ? L’interdiction définitive du mariage des mineurs (fin des dérogations à la discrétion du juge). L’égalité en droit entre le père et la mère, afin qu’ils deviennent tous les deux tuteurs de leur(s) enfant(s). La fin de la perte du droit de garde d’un enfant en cas de remariage pour une femme. Rééquilibrer la gestion des biens acquis dans le cadre du couple en cas de divorce. L’adoption des tests ADN pour prouver la filiation des enfants nés hors mariage et leur octroyer un statut à l&rsquo;état civil. L’augmentation du taux des pensions alimentaires et la mise en place d’un mécanisme plus efficient. </span></p>
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<p style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CpsgUKXqlFA/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">A post shared by 7achak (@7achak.maroc)</a></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Si l’égalité en héritage entre l’homme et la femme fait partie des revendications des franges progressistes, celle-ci est peu probable. Et ce, même si le ministère de la Justice et de très nombreux juristes y sont favorables. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Il s’agit d’un sujet très sensible et </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">explosif. En 2018, la chercheuse et théologienne Asma Lamrabet, qui s’était exprimée en faveur de cette évolution, a subi une cabale. Au point d’être poussée à démissionner de la direction du Centre des études féminines en islam. Un centre créé par Mohammed VI en 2006, rattaché à la Rabita Mohammadia des oulémas. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">En revanche le </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">taassib</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, ou héritage par agnation (u</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">ne règle qui prive les filles n’ayant pas de frère d’une partie de leur héritage au profit d’autres parents mâles de la famille) pourrait être aboli. Tout simplement parce qu’une majorité de Marocains y sont opposés. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Car le premier combat d’une réforme de la Moudawana, c’est d’abord ça ! Convaincre, faire de la pédagogie, sensibiliser. Or, depuis 20 ans, les lois butent toujours contre la résistance culturelle, sociale, ainsi que le manque d’information (principalement des femmes). </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #999999;">Photo (c) : Marios Savva</span></p>
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