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		<title>RÉSOLUTION SUR LE SAHARA : UNE VICTOIRE HISTORIQUE. ET MAINTENANT ?</title>
		<link>https://shoelifer.com/culture/actus/resolution-sur-le-sahara-victoirehistorique-maintenant/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=resolution-sur-le-sahara-victoirehistorique-maintenant</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nina Kozlowski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2025 18:30:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Actus culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Résolution sur le Sahara]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[victoire diplomatique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marche Verte]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://shoelifer.com/?p=66036</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[La résolution sur le Sahara consacre le plan d’autonomie. Un tournant historique, on vous explique pourquoi.
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>La résolution sur le Sahara consacre l’autonomie comme seule voie crédible. Une victoire diplomatique majeure pour le Maroc, à  l’aune du cinquantenaire de la Marche Verte, que Shoelifer vous explique simplement, pour tout comprendre à ce tournant historique.</b></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Adoptée le 31 octobre 2025, la résolution sur le Sahara 2797 marque un tournant. Pour la première fois, le Conseil de sécurité consacre le plan d’autonomie marocain comme base de règlement du différend. Un texte historique, fruit de vingt ans de diplomatie patiente, mais aussi le point de départ d’un processus plus concret : la relance des négociations, la redéfinition du rôle de l’ONU et la présentation d’un plan d’autonomie enrichi et actualisé par le Mar</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">oc. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ce </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">4 novembre, dans un communiqué du Cabinet Royal, le roi Mohammed VI a d’ailleurs donné à cette résolution une portée hautement symbolique et politique en décrétant le 31 octobre “Fête de l’Unité” (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aid Al Wahda</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">), jour férié et nouvelle occasion de grâce royale. Une date appelée à devenir un marqueur de l’unité nationale et de l’intégrité territoriale du Royaume.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Lire aussi<b> : </b><strong><a title="U20 : COMMENT LE MAROC A BÂTI SA VICTOIRE MONDIALE" href="https://shoelifer.com/lifestyle/actus-lifestyle/u20-comment-le-maroc-a-bati-sa-victoire-mondiale/">U20 : COMMENT LE MAROC A BÂTI SA VICTOIRE MONDIALE</a></strong></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Ce que change la résolution sur le Sahara</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Depuis 2007, les résolutions du Conseil saluaient les “efforts sérieux et crédibles” du Maroc. Désormais, la résolution sur le Sahara va plus loin : elle érige le plan d’autonomie en base de négociation, évoquant “une véritable autonomie sous souveraineté marocaine”.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br />
</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le texte ne fait plus référence à un référendum, option que le Polisario et l’Algérie continuent pourtant de revendiquer. L’ONU reconnaît qu’un règlement ne passera plus par un vote d’indépendance mais par un accord politique négocié.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le résultat du scrutin au Conseil de sécurité – 11 voix pour, 0 contre, 3 abstentions (Chine, Russie, Pakistan) – illustre le poids acquis par Rabat. Pour qu’un texte soit adopté, il faut au moins neuf voix favorables et aucun veto de la part des membres permanents (États-Unis, France, Royaume-Uni, Chine et Russie). Le Conseil compte également dix membres non permanents, élus pour deux ans et renouvelés chaque année par moitié. Dans ce cadre, le Maroc a obtenu une majorité nette, soutenue par Washington, Paris, Londres, Séoul, Copenhague ou encore Ljubljana. L’Algérie, membre non permanent, a refusé de participer au vote, confirmant son isolement diplomatique.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Le big bang à venir</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La résolution sur le Sahara engage désormais le Maroc à actualiser son plan d’autonomie. Le texte de 2007 prévoit déjà une assemblée législative élue, un gouvernement régional, une justice locale et de vastes compétences : fiscalité, développement, environnement, culture, infrastructures, santé, éducation. L’État conserve, quant à lui, les prérogatives régaliennes que sont la défense, la politique étrangère, la religion, le drapeau et la monnaie.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le roi Mohammed VI a annoncé que le plan serait révisé pour intégrer la Constitution de 2011, la régionalisation de 2015 et les modèles de développement de 2021. Ce chantier équivaut à un changement de paradigme institutionnel. Il faudra redéfinir la répartition des pouvoirs et des ressources, au-delà du simple cadre de la décentralisation actuelle.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Pourquoi les négociations auront lieu aux États-Unis</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La résolution sur le Sahara mentionne explicitement “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">la reconnaissance aux États-Unis pour leur disponibilité à accueillir des réunions en appui à la mission de l’Envoyé personnel</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”. Selon le professeur de droit et politologue Mustapha Sehimi, c’est un signe clair : </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Cela traduit l’implication de Washington dans la reprise des négociations entre les parties”</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le conseiller spécial du président Donald Trump, Massad Boulos, a confirmé sur France 24 Arabic que les quatre parties concernées – Maroc, Polisario, Algérie et Mauritanie – seront invitées à participer à des discussions “sans conditions préalables”. Selon lui, les États-Unis “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">comptent sur la sagesse de Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI et du président Abdelmadjid Tebboune pour aborder cette nouvelle étape</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le premier projet américain prévoyait un délai de 60 jours et une prorogation courte du mandat de la Minurso ; sous pression russe, ces clauses ont disparu. “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aucun délai n’est fixé, mais il y aura une accélération du processus</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”, résume Mustapha Sehimi. Un rapport stratégique du Secrétaire général de l’ONU est attendu pour avril 2026, avant une nouvelle résolution à l’automne.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Trois scénarios possibles</b></span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">D’après Mustapha Sehimi, l’hypothèse centrale de la résolution 2797 reste la relance du processus de règlement, mais plusieurs voies demeurent ouvertes :</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">1/ Reprise effective des négociations : c’est l’option privilégiée. L’Algérie, bien qu’hostile, a déjà participé à deux tables rondes (Genève 2018 et 2019). Si elle accepte l’invitation américaine, le dialogue pourrait s’engager dès le premier semestre 2026. Dans ce cadre, le plan marocain servirait de référence unique, avec possibilité d’ajuster les modalités d’autonomie.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br />
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">2/ Blocage algérien : si Alger maintient sa ligne du refus, “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">sa position deviendrait fortement inconfortable, voire intenable</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”, estime Mustapha Sehimi. Les États-Unis pourraient alors exercer des pressions diplomatiques et financières sur Alger : gel de certains programmes de coopération, réduction de l’aide internationale, ou isolement politique dans les forums multilatéraux (par exemple). Tout en élargissant le consensus pro-marocain. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le Conseil de sécurité, lui, dispose théoriquement du pouvoir d’agir sous le chapitre VII de la Charte des Nations unies. C’est-à-dire, imposer des mesures contraignantes en cas de menace à la paix : sanctions économiques, embargo, gel d’avoirs ou envoi de forces d’interposition. Mais ce scénario reste purement hypothétique dans le dossier du Sahara, qui relève aujourd’hui du dialogue politique, non du coercitif.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">3/ Statu quo prolongé : maintien de la Minurso sans avancée politique. Une hypothèse jugée peu soutenable. Elle minerait la crédibilité du Conseil et de Washington, désormais engagés dans la relance.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br />
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b> L’ONU : un cadre favorable au Maroc pour le prochain vote</b></span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">La résolution sur le Sahara proroge le mandat de la Minurso jusqu’au 31 octobre 2026. Cela signifie qu’à cette date, le Conseil de sécurité devra se prononcer à nouveau. Non pas pour redéfinir le fond politique (le plan d’autonomie reste la base), mais pour évaluer les avancées du processus. L’état d’avancement des négociations, le respect du cessez-le-feu, et le degré d’implication des quatre parties. Autrement dit, le prochain vote servira à mesurer la mise en œuvre du texte actuel et à ajuster, si besoin, le mandat de la Minurso ou la mission de l’Envoyé personnel, Staffan de Mistura.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mais le contexte, lui, aura changé. Dès janvier 2026, sept nouveaux membres non permanents siégeront pour deux ans au Conseil de sécurité, aux côtés des cinq permanents (États-Unis, France, Royaume-Uni, Chine et Russie). Parmi ces nouveaux arrivants figurent Bahreïn, la République démocratique du Congo et le Libéria, trois pays qui ont déjà ouvert un consulat à Laâyoune ou Dakhla et reconnaissent la souveraineté du Maroc sur le Sahara. Leur entrée renforcera le bloc d’États favorables au plan d’autonomie, déjà soutenu par plusieurs alliés européens et africains.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Résultat : le Maroc abordera le prochain vote avec une majorité structurelle favorable, appuyée à la fois par des alliés africains et par les grandes puissances occidentales. “</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Le Maroc bénéficie d’un rapport de forces inédit. Il a la légitimité du texte, le soutien des grandes puissances et un ancrage africain solide</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">”, résume Mustapha Sehimi.</span></p>
<p>Lire aussi : <a href="https://shoelifer.com/voyages/escapades/dakhla-vacances-maroc-perle-sud/"><b>https://shoelifer.com/voyages/escapades/dakhla-vacances-maroc-perle-sud/</b></a></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Sur le terrain, une réalité déjà ancrée</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pendant que la diplomatie trace la voie, le développement du Sahara marocain avance. Plus de trente consulats étrangers sont désormais ouverts à Laâyoune et Dakhla. Les chantiers structurants – port atlantique de Dakhla, routes, zones industrielles, projets touristiques et énergies renouvelables – transforment la région en hub africain entre Atlantique, Sahel et Golfe de Guinée. Ces investissements, adossés à la résolution sur le Sahara, consolident sur le terrain ce que l’ONU entérine sur le plan politique à savoir une intégration irréversible du sud au royaume.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 20px;"><b>Et maintenant ?</b></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Les prochains mois seront décisifs : </span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">finalisation du plan d’autonomie actualisé ;</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">consultations préparatoires menées par Staffan de Mistura ;</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">réunions américaines entre les quatre parties ;</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">et publication du rapport du Secrétaire général avant le prochain vote, attendu en octobre 2026. </span></li>
</ul>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">L’enjeu n’est plus de convaincre, mais de construire. Il s’agit aujourd’hui de donner corps à l’autonomie, de consolider les alliances au Conseil et de traduire la victoire diplomatique en gouvernance concrète. La résolution sur le Sahara n’est pas la fin d’un conflit, mais le début d’une ère nouvelle. Le Maroc n’a plus à plaider sa cause, il écrit désormais son modèle.</span></p>
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